====== Quelles sont les fontes T1 disponibles pour les mathématiques? ======


If you are interested in text alone, you can in principle use any of
the huge numbers of text fonts in Adobe Type 1, TrueType or OpenType
formats.  The constraint is, of course, that your previewer and
printer driver should support such fonts (TeX itself //only//
cares about metrics, not the actual character programs).

If you also need mathematics, then your choice is more limited, in
particular  by the
demands that TeX makes of maths fonts (for details, see the papers
by [[https://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb14-3/tb40horn.pdf|B.K.P. Horn in TUGboat 14(3)]],
or by [[https://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb19-2/tb59bouc.pdf|Thierry Bouche in TUGboat 19(2)]]).
There are several options available, which are
based on Knuth's original designs.  Others complement other
commercial and free text font designs; one set (MicroPress's "informal math")
stands alone.

Users should also consider the possibilities of typesetting
[[https://www.latex-fr.net/5_fichiers/fontes/fontes_opentype_pour_les_mathematiques|maths using OpenType fonts]].

"Free" font families that will support TeX mathematics include:

  * **Computer Modern** (75 fonts -- optical scaling) by Donald E. Knuth.
 The CM fonts were originally designed in MetaFont, but are also
 now available in scalable outline form.  There are commercial as
 well as public domain versions, and there are both Adobe Type 1 and
 TrueType versions.  A set of outline versions of the fonts was
 developed as a commercial venture by Y&Y and Blue Sky Research;
 they have since assigned the copyright to the AMS, and the
 fonts are now freely available from CTAN.  Their quality is
 such that they have become the //de facto// standard for Type 1
 versions of the fonts.

  * **AMS fonts** (52 fonts, optical scaling) from the AMS.
 This set of fonts offers adjuncts to the CM set, including
 two sets of symbol fonts (''msam'' and ''msbm'') and
 Euler text fonts.
 These are not a self-standing family, but merit discussion here (not
 least because several other families mimic the symbol fonts).
 Freely-available Type 1 versions of the fonts are available on
 CTAN.  The [[ctanpkg>eulervm|eulervm]] package permits use
 of the Euler maths alphabet in conjunction with text fonts that do
 not provide maths alphabets of their own (for instance, Adobe
 Palatino or Minion).

  * **Mathpazo** version 1.003 (5 fonts) by Diego Puga.
 The Pazo Math fonts are a family of type 1 fonts suitable for
 typesetting maths in combination with the Palatino family of text
 fonts.  Four of the five fonts of the distribution are maths
 alphabets, in upright and italic shapes, medium and bold weights;
 the fifth font contains a small selection of "blackboard bold"
 characters (chosen for their mathematical significance).  Support
 under LaTeX2e is available in 
 [[https://www.latex-fr.net/5_fichiers/fontes/utiliser_des_fontes_adobe_t1_avec_tex|PSNFSS]]; the fonts are
 licensed under the GPL, with legalese permitting the use of
 the fonts in published documents.

  * **Fourier/Utopia** (15 fonts) by Michel Bovani.
 ''Fourier'' is a family built on Adobe ''Utopia''
 (which has been released for usage free of charge by Adobe).  The
 fonts provide the basic Computer Modern set of mathematical symbols,
 and add many of the AMS mathematical symbols (though you are
 expected to use some from the AMS fonts themselves).  There
 are also several other mathematical and decorative symbols.  The
 fonts come with a [[ctanpkg>fourier|fourier]] package for use with LaTeX;
 text support of OT1 encoding is not provided --- you are
 expected to use T1.


  * **Fourier/New Century Schoolbook** by Michael Zedler
 ''Fouriernc'' is a configuration using the Fourier fonts in
 the ConTeXt of New Century Schoolbook text fonts.


  * **KP-fonts** from the Johannes Kepler project.
 The ''kp-fonts'' family provides a comprehensive set of text
 and maths fonts.  The set includes replacement fixed-width and sans
 fonts (though some reports have suggested that these are less
 successful, and their use may be suppressed when loading the fonts'
 [[ctanpkg>kpfonts|kpfonts]] LaTeX support package). For an example, see [[http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/kpserif/|http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/kpserif/]]

  * **MathDesign** (3 free families, 3 commercial-based families...so far) by Paul Pichaureau.
 This set so far offers mathematics fonts to match the free fonts
 Adobe Utopia, URW Garamond and Bitstream Charter (the text versions
 of all of which are separately available, on CTAN, in Type 1
 format), and Adobe Garamond Pro, Adobe UtopiaStd and ITC Charter
 (which are commercial fonts, all available for purchase on the web).
 There has been a little comment on these fonts, but none
 from actual users posted to the public forums.  Users, particularly
 those who are willing to discuss their experiences, would obviously
 be welcome.  Browse the CTAN directory and see which you
 want: there is a wealth of documentation and examples. For samples of the free variants, see [[http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/garamond/|http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/garamond/]] for URW Garamond 

  * **Belleek** (3 fonts) by Richard Kinch.
 Belleek is the upshot of Kinch's thoughts on how MetaFont might be used
 in the future: they were published simultaneously as MetaFont source,
 as Type 1 fonts, and as TrueType fonts.  The fonts act as "drop-in"
 replacements for the basic MathTime set (as an example of
 "what might be done").

 The paper outlining Kinch's thoughts, proceeding from considerations
 of the "intellectual" superiority of MetaFont to evaluations of why its
 adoption is so limited and what might be done about the problem, is
 to be found at [[http://truetex.com/belleek.pdf]].

  * **MTPro2 Lite** by Michael Spivak from //Publish or Perish, Inc//.
 A (functional) subset of the MathTime Pro 2 font set, that is made
 available, free, for general use.  While it does not offer the full
 power of the commercial product (see below), it is nevertheless a
 desirable font set.

  * **Mathptmx** by Alan Jeffrey, Walter Schmidt and others.
 This set contains maths italic, symbol, extension, and roman virtual
 fonts, built from Adobe Times, Symbol, Zapf Chancery, and the
 Computer Modern fonts.  The resulting mixture is not  entirely
 acceptable, but can pass in many circumstances.  The real advantage
 is that the mathptm fonts are (effectively) free, and the resulting
 PostScript files can be freely exchanged.  Support under LaTeX2e
 is available in [[https://www.latex-fr.net/5_fichiers/fontes/utiliser_des_fontes_adobe_t1_avec_tex|PSNFSS]].


  * **Computer Modern Bright Free**, scalable outline versions of these
 fonts do exist; they are covered below together with their
 commercial parallels.

  * **URW Classico** (4 fonts). LaTeX support by Bob Tennent.
 These are clones of Zapf's Optima available from CTAN (for
 non-commercial use only).  Mathematics support can be provided by
 using packages [[ctanpkg>eulervm|eulervm]] or [[ctanpkg>sansmath|sansmath]]. As a
 sans-serif font family, Optima is especially suitable for
 presentations.

The excellent //font catalogue// keeps an 
[[http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/mathfonts.html|up-to-date list]]
which describes the fonts by giving names and short examples, only.
(At the time of writing --- June 2008 --- the list has several that
are only scheduled for inclusion here.

Another useful document is Stephen Hartke's "Free maths font survey",
which is available on CTAN in both PDF and
HTML formats.  The survey covers most of the fonts mentioned in
the font catalogue, but also mentions some (such as [[ctanpkg>Belleek|Belleek]]
that the catalogue omits.

Fonts capable of setting TeX mathematics, that are available
commercially, include:

  * **BA Math** (13 fonts) from MicroPress Inc.
 BA Math is a family of serif fonts, inspired by the elegant
 and graphically perfect font design of John Baskerville.  BA
 Math comprises the fonts necessary for mathematical typesetting
 (maths italic, math symbols and extensions) in normal and bold
 weights.  The family also includes all OT1 and T1
 encoded text fonts of various shapes, as well as fonts with most
 useful glyphs of the TS1 encoding.  Macros for using the
 fonts with Plain TeX, LaTeX 2.09 and current LaTeX are
 provided.
 For further details (including samples) see [[http://www.micropress-inc.com/fonts/bamath/bamain.htm]].

  * **CH Math** (15 fonts), from MicroPress Inc.
 CH Math is a family of slab serif fonts, designed as a maths
 companion for Bitstream Charter.  (The distribution includes
 four free Bitstream text fonts, in addition to the 15 hand-hinted
 MicroPress fonts.)
 For further details (including samples) see
 [[http://www.micropress-inc.com/fonts/chmath/chmain.htm]]

  * **Computer Modern Bright** (62 fonts -- optical scaling) by Walter Schmidt.
 CM Bright is a family of sans serif fonts, based on Knuth's
 CM fonts.  It comprises the fonts necessary for mathematical
 typesetting, including AMS symbols, as well as text and text
 symbol fonts of various shapes.  The collection comes with its own
 set of files for use with LaTeX.  The CM Bright fonts are
 supplied in Type 1 format by MicroPress, Inc.   The
 [[ctanpkg>hfbright|hfbright]] bundle offers free Type 1 fonts for text using
 the OT1 encoding --- the [[ctanpkg>cm-super|cm-super]] fonts provide the
 fonts in T1 text encoding but don't support CM bright
 mathematics.
 For further details of Micropress' offering (including samples) see
 [[http://www.micropress-inc.com/fonts/brmath/brmain.htm]]

  * **Concrete Math** (25 fonts -- optical scaling), by Ulrik Vieth
 The Concrete Math font set was derived from the Concrete Roman
 typefaces designed by Knuth.  The set provides a collection of math
 italics, math symbol, and math extension fonts, and fonts of
 AMS symbols that fit with the Concrete set, so that Concrete
 may be used as a complete replacement for Computer Modern.  Since
 Concrete is considerably darker than CM, the family may
 particularly attractive for use in low-resolution printing or in
 applications such as posters or transparencies.  Concrete Math
 fonts, as well as Concrete Roman fonts, are supplied in Type 1
 format by MicroPress, Inc.
 For further information (including samples) see [[http://www.micropress-inc.com/fonts/ccmath/ccmain.htm]].

  * **HV Math** (14 fonts), from MicroPress Inc.
 HV Math is a family of sans serif fonts, inspired by the
 Helvetica (TM) typeface.  HV Math comprises the fonts
 necessary for mathematical typesetting (maths italic, maths symbols
 and extensions) in normal and bold weights.  The family also
 includes all OT1 and T1 encoded text fonts of various
 shapes, as well as fonts with most useful glyphs of the TS1
 encoding.  Macros for using the fonts with Plain TeX, LaTeX 2.09
 and current LaTeX are provided.  Bitmapped copies of the fonts
 are available free, on CTAN.
 For further details (and samples) see [[http://www.micropress-inc.com/fonts/hvmath/hvmain.htm]]

  * **Informal Math** (7 outline fonts), from MicroPress Inc.
 Informal Math is a family of fanciful fonts loosely based on the
 Adobe's Tekton (TM) family, fonts which imitate handwritten
 text.  Informal Math comprises the fonts necessary for
 mathematical typesetting (maths italic, maths symbols and extensions)
 in normal weight, as well as OT1 encoded text fonts in
 upright and oblique shapes.  Macros for using the fonts with
 Plain TeX, LaTeX 2.09 and current LaTeX are provided.
 For further details (including samples) see [[http://www.micropress-inc.com/fonts/ifmath/ifmain.htm]].

  * **Lucida Bright //with// Lucida New Math** (25 fonts), by Chuck Bigelow and Kris Holmes.
 Lucida is a family of related fonts including seriffed, sans serif,
 sans serif fixed width, calligraphic, blackletter, fax, Kris Holmes'
 connected handwriting font, etc; they're not as "spindly" as
 Computer Modern, with a large x-height, and include a larger set of
 maths symbols, operators, relations and delimiters than CM
 (over 800 instead of 384: among others, it also includes the
 AMS ''msam'' and ''msbm'' symbol sets).  "Lucida Bright Expert" 
 (14 fonts) adds seriffed fixed width, another handwriting font,
 smallcaps, bold maths, upright "maths italic", etc., to the
 set.  Support under LaTeX is available under the auspices of the
 PSNFSS, and pre-built metrics are also provided.
 TUG has the right to distribute these fonts; the web site [[https://tug.org/lucida/|Lucida and TUG]] has details.

  * **Adobe Lucida, LucidaSans //and// LucidaMath** (12 fonts).
 Lucida and LucidaMath are generally considered to be a bit heavy.
 The three maths fonts contain only the glyphs in the CM maths
 italic, symbol, and extension fonts.  Support for using LucidaMath
 with TeX is not very good; you will need to do some work
 reencoding fonts etc.  (In some sense this set is the
 ancestor of the LucidaBright plus LucidaNewMath font set, which are
 not currently available.)

  * **MathTime Pro2**, by Michael Spivak from //Publish or Perish Inc//.
 This latest instance of the MathTime family covers all the weights
 (medium, bold and heavy) and symbols of previous versions of
 MathTime.  In addition it has a much extended range of symbols, and
 many typographic improvements that make for high-quality documents.
 The fonts are supported under both Plain TeX and LaTeX2e, and
 are exclusively available for purchase from [[https://www.latex-fr.net/6_distributions/implementations_commerciales|Personal TeX Inc]].
 For further details and samples and fliers, see [[http://www.pctex.com/mtpro2.html]].

  * **Minion Pro and MnSymbolAdobe**, LaTeX support and packaging by Achim Blumensath //et al//.
 ''Minion Pro'' derives from the widely-available commercial
 OpenType font of the same name by Adobe; scripts are provided to
 convert relevant parts of it to Adobe Type 1 format.  The
 [[ctanpkg>MinionPro|MinionPro]] package will set up text and maths support using
 ''Minion Pro'', but a separate (free) font set
 ''MnSymbol'' greatly extends the symbol coverage.

  * **PA Math** is a family of serif fonts
 loosely based on the Palatino (TM) typeface.  PA Math
 comprises the fonts necessary for mathematical typesetting (maths
 italics, maths, calligraphic and oldstyle symbols, and extensions)
 in normal and bold weights. The family also includes all OT1,
 T1 encoded text fonts of various shapes, as well as fonts
 with the most useful glyphs of the TS1 encoding.  Macros for
 using the fonts with Plain TeX, LaTeX 2.09 and current LaTeX
 are provided. For further details (and samples) see [[http://www.micropress-inc.com/fonts/pamath/pamain.htm]]

  * **TM Math** (14 fonts) from MicroPress Inc.
 TM Math is a family of serif fonts, inspired by the Times
 (TM) typeface.  TM Math comprises the fonts necessary for
 mathematical typesetting (maths italic, maths symbols and extensions)
 in normal and bold weights. The family also includes all OT1
 and T1 encoded text fonts of various shapes, as well as fonts
 with most useful glyphs of the TS1 encoding.  Macros for
 using the fonts with Plain TeX, LaTeX 2.09 and current LaTeX
 are provided.  Bitmapped copies of the fonts are available free, on
 CTAN. For further details (and samples) see [[http://www.micropress-inc.com/fonts/tmmath/tmmain.htm]].


Two other font sets should be mentioned, even though they don't
currently produce satisfactory output --- their author is no longer
working on them, and several problems have been identified:

  * **Pxfonts set** version 1.0 (26 fonts) by Young Ryu. The [[ctanpkg>pxfonts|pxfonts set]] consists of
    * virtual text fonts using ''Adobe Palatino'' (or its URW replacement, ''Palladio'') with modified plus, equal and slash symbols;
    * maths alphabets using ''Palatino'' (or ''Palladio'');
    * maths fonts of all symbols in the computer modern maths fonts (''cmsy'', ''cmmi'', ''cmex'' and the Greek letters of ''cmr'');
    * maths fonts of all symbols corresponding to the AMS fonts (''msam'' and ''msbm'');
    * additional maths fonts of various symbols.
The text fonts are available in OT1, T1 and LY1
encodings, and TS encoded symbols are also available.  The
sans serif and monospaced fonts supplied with the ''txfonts''
set (see below) may be used with ''pxfonts''; the
''txfonts'' set should be installed whenever ''pxfonts''
are.  LaTeX, ''dvips'' and pdfTeX support files are included.

The fonts are not perfect; the widths assigned to the characters in
the ''tfm'' file are wrong for some glyphs; this can cause
sequences of characters to "look wrong", or in some cases even to
overlap; the ''newpx'' fonts (noted above) aim to reduce
these problems.

The fonts are licensed under the GPL; use in published
documents is permitted.

  * **Newpx** by Michael Sharpe from Young Ryu's ''pxfonts''.
 This collection is derived from ''pxfonts''; the maths fonts
 metrics have been adjusted so that the output is less cramped than
 when ''pxfonts'' is used; the appearance of the output is
 much improved.  Two packages are provided, [[ctanpkg>newpx|newpxtext]] for
 using the associated text fonts, and [[ctanpkg>newpx|newpxmath]] for
 mathematics.

  * **Txfonts set** version 3.1 (42 fonts) by Young Ryu. The ''txfonts'' set consists of
    * virtual text fonts using ''Adobe Times'' (or the URW ''Nimbus Roman No9 L'' font that substitutes for Times, which is distributed as part of the URW "basic 35" collection) with modified plus, equal and slash symbols;
    * matching sets of sans serif and monospace ("typewriter") fonts (the sans serif set is based on ''Adobe Helvetica'');
    * maths alphabets using Adobe ''Times'', or the URW equivalent ''NimbusRomanNo9'';
    * maths fonts of all symbols in the computer modern maths fonts (''cmsy'', ''cmmi'', ''cmex'' and the Greek letters of ''cmr'');
    * maths fonts of all symbols corresponding to the AMS fonts (''msam'' and ''msbm'');
    * additional maths fonts of various symbols.
The text fonts are available in OT1, T1 and LY1 encodings, and TS encoded symbols are also available.

The fonts are not perfect; the widths assigned to the characters in
the ''tfm'' file are wrong for some glyphs; this can cause
sequences of characters to "look wrong", or in some cases even to
overlap; the ''newtx'' fonts (noted above) aim to reduce
these problems.

The fonts are licensed under the GPL; use in published
documents is permitted.

  * **Txfontsb set** version 1.00 by Young Ryu and Antonis Tsolomitis.
 The ''txfontsb'' bundles ''txfonts'', extended to
 provide a Small Caps set, Old-Style numbers and Greek text (from the
 GNU Freefont set).
 [[ctanpkg>txfontsb|Documentation]] is available for this variant, too.

  * **Newtxby** by Michael Sharpe from Young Ryu's ''txfonts''.
 This collection is derived from ''txfonts''; the maths fonts
 metrics have been adjusted so that the output is less cramped than
 when ''txfonts'' is used; the appearance of the output is
 much improved.  Two packages are provided, [[ctanpkg>newtx|newtxtext]] for
 using the associated text fonts, and [[ctanpkg>newtx|newtxmath]] for
 mathematics.  Options are provided to substitute
 letters and symbols from the ''Libertine'' set, and from the
 Garamond extension font ''garamondx'' (but note that
 ''garamondx'', which is an adaptation of URW Garamond,
 is not available via TeX Live).


Finally, one must not forget proprietary fonts from various sources.
Since having a high quality font set in scalable outline form that
works with TeX can give a publisher a real competitive advantage,
there are some publishers that have paid (a lot) to have such font
sets made for them.  Unfortunately, these sets are not available on
the open market, despite the likelihood that they're more complete
than those that are.

We observe a very limited selection of commercial maths font sets; a
Type 1 maths font has to be explicitly designed for use with TeX,
which is an expensive business, and is of little appeal in other
markets.  Furthermore, the TeX market for commercial fonts is
minute by comparison with the huge sales of other font sets.

Text fonts in Type 1 format are available from many vendors including
Adobe, Monotype and Bitstream.  However, be careful with cheap font
"collections"; many of them dodge copyright restrictions by removing
(or crippling) parts of the font programs such as hinting.  Such
behaviour is both unethical and bad for the consumer.
The fonts may not render well (or at all, under ATM), may not have the
"standard" complement of 228 glyphs, or may not include metric files
(which you need to make TFM files).

TrueType was for a long time the "native" format for Windows, but
MicroSoft joined the development of the OpenType specification, and
"modern" windows will work happily with fonts in either format.  Some TeX
implementations such as [[FAQ-commercial|TrueTeX]] use TrueType
versions of Computer Modern and Times Maths fonts to render TeX
documents in Windows without the need for additional system software like
ATM.  (When used on a system running Windows XP or later,
TrueTeX can also use Adobe Type 1 fonts.)

When choosing fonts, your own system environment may not be the only one of
interest.  If you will be sending your finished documents to others for
further use, you should consider whether a given font format will introduce
compatibility problems.  Publishers may require TrueType exclusively because
their systems are Windows-based, or Type 1 exclusively, because their systems
are based on the early popularity of that format in the publishing industry.
Many service bureaus don't care as long as you present them with a finished
print file (PostScript or PDF) for their output device.


-----

//Source:// [[faquk>FAQ-psfchoice|Choice of Type 1 fonts for typesetting Maths]]

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